While some DNA base modifications such as 5-methylcytosine have been known and
studied for decades, recent discoveries of a number of other modified bases have stimulated …

Methylation of cytosine at the 5-position is a common epigenetic modification in mammalian
DNA and plays an important role in regulating gene expression. Oxidized derivatives of 5 …

5-Hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) is an oxidation derivative of thymine in the genomes of
various organisms and may serve as both an epigenetic mark and a cancer biomarker …

DNA molecules utilize adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine for coding genetic
information. In addition to these four canonical nucleobases, DNA molecules also contain a …

Exploring spatial organization and relationship of diverse biomolecules within cellular
nanoenvironments is important to elucidate the fundamental processes of life. However, it …

5-Hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) is found in the genomes of a diverse range of organisms as
another kind of 5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine, with the exception of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine …

Background In dinoflagellates, a unique and extremely divergent genomic and nuclear
organization has evolved. The highly unusual features of dinoflagellate nuclei and genomes …

Apart from the four canonical nucleobases, DNA molecules carry a number of natural
modifications. Substantial evidence shows that DNA modifications can regulate diverse …

Conspectus Nucleic acids contain a variety of different base modifications, such as
decoration at the fifth position of cytosine, which is one of the most important epigenetic …

Oligonucleotides containing modified nucleobases have applications in various
technologies. In general, to synthesize oligonucleotides with different nucleobase structures …