Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels
owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well …

Fibrosis is defined as an excessive deposition of connective tissue components and can
affect virtually every organ system, including the skin, lungs, liver and kidney. Fibrotic tissue …

Fibrosis is a process characterized by an excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix
as a response to different types of tissue injuries, which leads to organ dysfunction. The …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end-stage kidney disease. However,
only renin-angiotensin system inhibitor with multidisciplinary treatments is effective for DKD …

Advances in RNA-sequencing techniques have led to the discovery of thousands of non-
coding transcripts with unknown function. There are several types of non-coding linear …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic
factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating …

Renal inflammation and fibrosis are key pathological features of acute kidney injury (AKI)
and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Smad3 is a critical mediator of TGF-β signaling and …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus
and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine and has …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and inflammation play the central role in …