Studies on vitamin/hormone D deficiency have received a vast amount of attention in recent
years, particularly concerning recommendations, guidelines, and treatments. Moreover …

Abstract The Klotho proteins, αKlotho and βKlotho, are essential components of endocrine
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor complexes, as they are required for the high-affinity …

1, 25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 [1, 25 (OH) 2D3] is the hormonally active form of vitamin D. The
genomic mechanism of 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 action involves the direct binding of the 1, 25 (OH) …

Klotho has been recognized as a gene involved in the aging process in mammals for over
30 years, where it regulates phosphate homeostasis and the activity of members of the …

Circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are elevated in patients with chronic
kidney disease (CKD), but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we tested whether …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) was initially characterized as an important
regulator of phosphate and calcium homeostasis. New research advances demonstrate that …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex and multifactorial disease, and one of the most
prevalent worldwide. Chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorders (CKD–MBD) with …

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as
part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main …

The metabolically active and perpetually remodeling calcium phosphate–based
endoskeleton in terrestrial vertebrates sets the demands on whole-organism calcium and …

Calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (PO43−) homeostasis are coordinated by systemic and local
factors that regulate intestinal absorption, influx and efflux from bone, and kidney excretion …