Collagen is the most abundant structural protein found in humans and mammals, particularly
in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Its primary function is to hold the body together. The …

Healthy limb joints are important for maintaining health and attaining longevity.
Endochondral ossification (the replacement of cartilage with bone, occurring during skeletal …

Osteoarthritis affects over 300 million people worldwide. Here, we conduct a genome-wide
association study meta-analysis across 826,690 individuals (177,517 with osteoarthritis) and …

The “Nosology of genetic skeletal disorders” has undergone its 11th revision and now
contains 771 entries associated with 552 genes reflecting advances in molecular …

Osteoclasts are large multinucleated bone-resorbing cells formed by the fusion of monocyte/
macrophage-derived precursors that are thought to undergo apoptosis once resorption is …

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized by bone
fragility and skeletal deformities. While the majority of cases are associated with pathogenic …

The major mineralized tissues are bone and teeth, which share several mechanisms
governing their development and mineralization. This crossover includes the hormones that …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling
pathways play a pivotal role in bone development and skeletal health. More than 30 different …

Skeletal dysplasias are a diverse group of heritable diseases affecting bone and cartilage
growth. Throughout the years, the molecular defect underlying many of the diseases has …

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a group of connective tissue disorders with a broad range of
phenotypes characterized primarily by bone fragility. The prevalence of OI ranges from …