The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Impressive progress has been made over the last several years toward understanding how
almost every aspect of the immune system contributes to the expression of systemic …

Host–microbiota interactions are fundamental for the development of the immune system.
Drastic changes in modern environments and lifestyles have led to an imbalance of this …

Macrophages respond to microbial ligands and various noxious cues by initiating an
inflammatory response aimed at eliminating the original pathogenic insult. Transition of …

The NF-κB family of inducible transcription factors is activated in response to a variety of
stimuli. Amongst the best-characterized inducers of NF-κB are members of the TNF family of …

Necroptosis, a form of regulated necrotic cell death mediated by RIPK1 (receptor-interacting
protein kinase 1) kinase activity, RIPK3, and MLKL (mixed-lineage kinase domain-like …

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a nuclear-associated cytokine of the IL-1 family originally described
as a potent inducer of allergic type 2 immunity. IL-33 signals via the receptor ST2, which is …

Autoimmune reactions reflect an imbalance between effector and regulatory immune
responses, typically develop through stages of initiation and propagation, and often show …

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved
structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses …

Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)‐associated factor 6 (TRAF 6) is an adapter protein
that mediates a wide array of protein–protein interactions via its TRAF domain and a RING …