Teichoic acids (TAs) are major wall and membrane components of most gram-positive
bacteria. With few exceptions, they are polymers of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate …

Most bacteria have multiple peptidoglycan hydrolases capable of cleaving covalent bonds in
peptidoglycan sacculi or its fragments. An overview of the different classes of peptidoglycan …

The growing demand worldwide for proteins and lipids cannot be met by the intensive use of
agricultural land currently available. Insect mass cultures as a source for proteins and lipids …

In order to maintain shape and withstand intracellular pressure, most bacteria are
surrounded by a cell wall that consists mainly of the cross-linked polymer peptidoglycan …

Cell shape in most eubacteria is maintained by a tough external peptidoglycan cell wall.
Recently, cell shape determining proteins of the MreB family were shown to form helical …

Bacterial cell division and daughter cell formation are complex mechanisms whose details
are orchestrated by at least a dozen different proteins. Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) …

Work on two diverse rod-shaped bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, has defined
a set of about 10 conserved proteins that are important for cell division in a wide range of …

The bacterial cell envelope is the first and major line of defence against threats from the
environment. It is an essential and yet vulnerable structure that gives the cell its shape and …

Bacterial spores are resistant to physical and chemical insults, which makes them a major
concern for public health and industry. Spores help bacteria to survive extreme …

The Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor σM is inducible by, and confers
resistance to, several cell envelope‐acting antibiotics. Here, we demonstrate that σM is …