Epidemiological evidence indicates that regular physical activity and/or frequent structured
exercise reduces the incidence of many chronic diseases in older age, including …

Exercise has a profound effect on the normal functioning of the immune system. It is
generally accepted that prolonged periods of intensive exercise training can depress …

Immunosenescence is characterized by deterioration of the immune system caused by
aging which induces changes to innate and adaptive immunity. Immunosenescence affects …

Telomeres protect the integrity of information-carrying DNA by serving as caps on the
terminal portions of chromosomes. Telomere length decreases with aging, and this …

Chronic antigenic stimulation leads to gradual accumulation of late‐differentiated, antigen‐
specific, oligoclonal T cells, particularly within the CD8+ T‐cell compartment. They are …

Aging is associated with a decline in the normal functioning of the immune system that is
described by the canopy term “immunosenescence”. This contributes to poorer vaccine …

Exercise training is one of the few therapeutic interventions that improves health span by
delaying the onset of age-related diseases and preventing early death. The length of …

NK-cells undergo a “licensing” process as they develop into fully-functional cells capable of
efficiently killing targets. NK-cell differentiation is accompanied by an increased surface …

Recently, the novel coronavirus epidemic occurred in China and spread worldwide to
become a global pandemic. COVID‐19 is a fatal viral infection causing death, particularly in …

Immunosenescence is a canopy term that has been used to describe the biological aging
and progressive dysfunction of systemic immunity. This age-related diminution of the …