BACKGROUND Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest of economically important crops in South
America. In Brazil, this species is considered the most destructive pest of maize. Use of …

The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is a highly polyphagous agricultural pest that is
distributed worldwide. However, the adaptive mechanisms of S. exigua for various …

Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is an agronomical important and most
devastating polyphagous pest that damages a variety of crops around the globe including …

BACKGROUND The field population of Spodoptera exigua, an intermittently occurring
polyphagous pest, has developed resistance to chlorantraniliprole, while whether or not …

Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) has a worldwide distribution with a high capacity for damaging
a wide range of food, forage and fiber crops. It has been reported extensively from all over …

Abstract Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) poses a significant threat to Brassicaceae
crops, leading to substantial losses annually. Repeated insecticide applications are widely …

BACKGROUND Dusky cotton bug (DCB), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa)(Hemiptera:
Lygaeidae), is a key insect pest of cotton. It causes huge losses to cotton and many other …

Abstract Haedoxan A (HA) and Phrymarolin I (PI) are dioxabicyclo lignans from medical
plant Phryma leptostachya. Previous studies showed that HA has remarkably insecticidal …

Background Chemical control is commonly used against Euschistus heros (F.) and
Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) in soybean fields in South America. However, previous …

The Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.), and the soybean looper,
Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), are key pests of soybean in South America. Low …