The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges

M Beniston, D Farinotti, M Stoffel, LM Andreassen… - The …, 2018 - tc.copernicus.org
The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a
range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current …

Snow fracture in relation to slab avalanche release: critical state for the onset of crack propagation

J Gaume, A van Herwijnen, G Chambon… - The …, 2017 - tc.copernicus.org
The failure of a weak snow layer buried below cohesive slab layers is a necessary, but
insufficient, condition for the release of a dry-snow slab avalanche. The size of the crack in …

Characterizing snow instability with avalanche problem types derived from snow cover simulations

B Reuter, L Viallon-Galinier, S Horton… - Cold Regions Science …, 2022 - Elsevier
Snow cover models support avalanche forecasting. However, despite much development to
derive snow instability from snow cover model output, snow cover models presently do not …

[HTML][HTML] Investigating the release and flow of snow avalanches at the slope-scale using a unified model based on the material point method

J Gaume, A van Herwijnen, T Gast, J Teran… - Cold Regions Science …, 2019 - Elsevier
Snow slab avalanches start with a failure in a weak snow layer buried below a cohesive
snow slab. After failure, the very porous character of the weak layer leads to its volumetric …

Stability evaluation of earth-rock dam reinforcement with new permeable polymer based on reliability method

Y Wang, M Han, B Li, Y Wan - Construction and Building Materials, 2022 - Elsevier
The stability of earth-rock dam slope has always been the focus of engineers. The existing
dam slope reinforcement measures mainly include anchor rods, anchor cables, soil nails …

Combining random forests and class-balancing to discriminate between three classes of avalanche activity in the French Alps

PD Sielenou, L Viallon-Galinier, P Hagenmuller… - Cold Regions Science …, 2021 - Elsevier
Determining avalanche activity corresponding to given snow and meteorological conditions
is an old problem of high practical relevance. To address it, numerous statistical forecasting …

Estimating the effective elastic modulus and specific fracture energy of snowpack layers from field experiments

A Van Herwijnen, J Gaume, EH Bair, B Reuter… - Journal of …, 2016 - cambridge.org
Measurements of the mechanical properties of snow are essential for improving our
understanding and the prediction of snow failure and hence avalanche release. We …

Modeling of crack propagation in weak snowpack layers using the discrete element method

J Gaume, A van Herwijnen, G Chambon… - The …, 2015 - tc.copernicus.org
Dry-snow slab avalanches are generally caused by a sequence of fracture processes
including (1) failure initiation in a weak snow layer underlying a cohesive slab,(2) crack …

A process-based approach to estimate point snow instability

B Reuter, J Schweizer, A van Herwijnen - The Cryosphere, 2015 - tc.copernicus.org
Snow instability data provide information about the mechanical state of the snow cover and
are essential for forecasting snow avalanches. So far, direct observations of instability …

Describing snow instability by failure initiation, crack propagation, and slab tensile support

B Reuter, J Schweizer - Geophysical Research Letters, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
Snow instability is a generic term describing the propensity of a snow slope to avalanche. In
need of a concise mechanics‐based concept we suggest a framework based on failure …