Mice and rats emit and perceive calls in the ultrasonic range, ie, above the human hearing
threshold of about 20 kHz: so-called ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Juvenile and adult rats …

This Monograph reports theoretically relevant behavioral, biological, and self-report
assessments of a sample of 14-17-year-olds who had been classified into one of four …

We have seen these children—the shy and the sociable, the cautious and the daring—and
wondered what makes one avoid new experience and another avidly pursue it. At the crux of …

The inferior colliculus (IC)(Fig. 7.1) occupies a strategic position in the central auditory
system. Evidence reviewed in this chapter indicates that it is an interface between lower …

This review considers two themes. The first section describes the influence of two
temperamental biases detectable in infants that render children vulnerable to maladaptive …

Selective attention is the mechanism that allows focusing one's attention on a particular
stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, for instance, on a single conversation in a …

The medial hypothalamus, amygdala, and dorsal periaqueductal gray constitute the main
neural substrates for the integration of aversive states in the brain. More recently, some …

In midbrain tectum (MT) structures, such as the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), the
superior colliculus (SC) and the inferior colliculus (IC) GABAergic neurons exert a tonic …

Deep layers of the superior colliculus, the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter and the inferior
colliculus are midbrain structures involved in the generation of defensive behavior and fear …

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, predicted to be the leading cause
of disease burden by the next decade. There is great deal of emphasis on the central origin …