Why do EU actors promote secluded fora of decision making even as they have committed
themselves to open and public lawmaking? How do they perceive and reconcile the ensuing …

In the system of multilevel democracy emerging from the Lisbon Treaty, the ordinary
legislative procedure (OLP) embodies the idea that it is possible to have democratic law …

This article explores the institutionalization of trilogues in the Council. What kind of practices
have emerged in the Council to underpin this body's participation in trilogues, and how do …

This article examines the relations between the European Parliament (EP) and civil society
organizations (CSOs) in the EU's legislative process. It focuses specifically on legislative …

Who gains legislative influence in early agreement negotiations (trilogues) between the
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union? Practitioners from both …

Informal trilogue meetings are the main legislative bargaining forum in the European Union,
yet their dynamics remain largely understudied in a quantitative context. This article builds …

This article traces the origins of European legislation during the legislative policy-making
process. It identifies three phases where parts of the text of legislative acts can be …

For policies to be legitimate, both the policy process and the underlying reasons must be
transparent to the public. In the EU, the lion's share of legislation is nowadays negotiated in …

Informal negotiations have become the norm in the European Union legislative process. Yet,
researchers are divided over the effects of this change on the European Commission's …

This article aims to examine the effect of intra-institutional conflicts in the European
Commission on the extent of changes made to legislative proposals in trilogue negotiations …