The quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan are water soluble derivatives which keep the
promise for real life applications in a large realm of biomedical fields, such as antimicrobial …

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) as safe drug delivery carriers, are spontaneously formed
by mixing the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte solutions in water without using organic …

Chitosan (CS) is one of the most functional natural biopolymer widely used in the
pharmaceutical field due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. These privileges lead …

Microneedles have been used for the dermal and transdermal delivery of a broad range of
drugs, such as small molecular weight drugs, oligonucleotides, DNA, peptides, proteins and …

In spite of the progress of conventional vaccines, improvements are required due to
concerns about the low immunogenicity of the toxicity, instability, and the need for multiple …

Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer derived from chitin that has wide applications in drugs,
vaccines, and antigen delivery. The distinctive mucoadhesive, biocompatibility …

Subunit vaccination benefits from improved safety over attenuated or inactivated vaccines,
but their limited capability to elicit long-lasting, concerted cellular and humoral immune …

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan that is found in extracellular tissue in many
parts of the body. It is a material of increasing importance to biomaterials science and is …

Most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces. Therefore, vaccination through
the mucosal route can greatly enhance the mucosal immune response. Vaccination via the …

Activating innate immunity in a controlled manner is necessary for the development of next-
generation therapeutics. Adjuvants, or molecules that modulate the immune response, are …