Children born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as a birth weight and/or length
below− 2 SD score (SDS), comprise a heterogeneous group. The causes of SGA are …

Background This systematic and meta-analysis review aimed to provide an updated
estimate of the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women, in geographic …

This Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Guideline for perioperative care in cesarean
delivery will provide best practice, evidenced-based, recommendations for preoperative …

Ernährung und Bewegung vor und während der Schwangerschaft wirken sich auf den
Schwangerschaftsverlauf, die Entwicklung des Kindes und die kurz-und langfristige …

Maternal smoking causes lower birth weight, birth defects, and other adverse pregnancy
outcomes. Epidemiological evidence over the past four decades has grown stronger and the …

Epigenetics is the branch of genetics that studies the different mechanisms that influence
gene expression without direct modification of the DNA sequence. An ever-increasing …

Background It has been shown that active exposure to tobacco is associated with adverse
pregnancy outcomes including, but not limited to, intrauterine fetal death, reduced fetal …

Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant
birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows and timing of fetal growth restriction …

Nicotine replacement therapy, in the form of nicotine patches, is commonly offered to
pregnant women who smoke to help them to stop smoking, but this approach has limited …

In utero exposure to maternal tobacco smoking is the leading cause of birth complications in
addition to being associated with later impairment in child's development. Epigenetic …