Permafrost temperatures have increased in polar and high-elevation regions, affecting the
climate system and the integrity of natural and built environments. In this Review, we outline …

Forest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand
and better predict how forests' biodiversity and functions relate to climate and climate …

Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …

Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …

The boreal forest biome is a major component of Earth's biosphere and climate system that
is projected to shift northward due to continued climate change over the coming century …

Methane (CH4) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a
warming climate, yet current CH4 budgets, as well as future shifts in CH4 emissions, have …

Soils in Arctic and boreal ecosystems store twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, a
portion of which may be released as high-latitude soils warm. Some of the uncertainty in the …

Climate warming is predicted to alter ecological boundaries in high‐latitude ecosystems
including the elevational or latitudinal extent of tall shrubs in Arctic and alpine tundra. Over …

Circumpolar expansion of tall shrubs and trees into Arctic tundra is widely thought to be
occurring as a result of recent climate warming, but little quantitative evidence exists for …

Warming induced shifts in tundra vegetation composition and structure, including
circumpolar expansion of shrubs, modifies ecosystem structure and functioning with …