A large population of neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) persists in the ventricular–
subventricular zone (V-SVZ) located in the walls of the lateral brain ventricles. V-SVZ NSCs …

The size and surface area of the mammalian brain are thought to be critical determinants of
intellectual ability. Recent studies show that development of the gyrated human neocortex …

The mammalian brain develops through a complex interplay of spatial cues generated by
diffusible morphogens, cell–cell interactions and intrinsic genetic programs that result in …

The human cortex comprises diverse cell types that emerge from an initially uniform
neuroepithelium that gives rise to radial glia, the neural stem cells of the cortex. To …

During vertebrate development, a wide variety of cell types and tissues emerge from a single
fertilized oocyte. One of these tissues, the central nervous system, contains many types of …

Abstract Cardiac miRNAs (miR-1, miR133a, miR-208a/b, and miR-499) are abundantly
expressed in the myocardium. They play a central role in cardiogenesis, heart function and …

During the development of the mammalian central nervous system, neural stem cells and
their derivative progenitor cells generate neurons by asymmetric and symmetric divisions …

Cytokines are pleotrophic proteins that coordinate the host response to infection as well as
mediate normal, ongoing signaling between cells of nonimmune tissues, including the …

Parenchymal astrocytes have emerged as a potential reservoir for new neurons in non-
neurogenic brain regions. It is currently unclear how astrocyte neurogenesis is controlled …

Activation of Notch signaling induces the expression of transcriptional repressor genes such
as Hes1, leading to repression of proneural gene expression and maintenance of neural …