The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a
fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling …

It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia
causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last …

Calcium ions are ubiquitous and versatile signaling molecules, capable of decoding a
variety of extracellular stimuli (hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors, etc.) into …

Proper distribution of mitochondria within axons and at synapses is critical for neuronal
function. While one-third of axonal mitochondria are mobile, a large proportion remains in a …

Synaptic plasticity in the adult brain is believed to represent the cellular mechanisms of
learning and memory. Mitochondria are involved in the regulation of the complex processes …

Functional synapses require mitochondria to supply ATP and regulate local [Ca2+] i for
neurotransmission. Mitochondria are thought to be transported to specific cellular regions of …

Cell types rich in mitochondria, including neurons, display a high energy demand and a
need for calcium buffering. The importance of mitochondria for proper neuronal function is …

Calcium (Ca2+) plays fundamental and diversified roles in neuronal plasticity. As second
messenger of many signaling pathways, Ca2+ as been shown to regulate neuronal gene …

Mitochondria in nerve terminals are subjected to extensive Ca 2+ fluxes and high energy
demands, but the extent to which the synaptic mitochondria buffer Ca 2+ is unclear. In this …

Bipolar disorder (BPD) is characterized by recurrent episodes of disturbed affect including
mania and depression as well as changes in psychovegetative function, cognitive …