For many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma,
and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. Moreover, the currently …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of
vision loss worldwide. Despite extensive efforts to reduce visual impairment, the prevalence …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with multiple comorbidities, including diabetic
retinopathy (DR) and cognitive decline, and T2D patients have a significantly higher risk of …

Diabetes mellitus is a world-wide epidemic and diabetic retinopathy, a devastating, vision-
threatening condition, is one of the most common diabetes-specific complications. Diabetic …

Lipid metabolic abnormalities have emerged as potential risk factors for the development
and progression of diabetic complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). This review …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disease that affects 463 million adults
worldwide and is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, nephropathy …

Lipids can undergo modification as a result of interaction with reactive oxygen species
(ROS). For example, lipid peroxidation results in the production of a wide variety of highly …

The light‐sensitive photoreceptors in the retina are extremely metabolically demanding and
have the highest density of mitochondria of any cell in the body. Both physiological and …

Hyperglycemia is a condition with high glucose levels that may result in dyslipidemia. In
severe cases, this alteration may lead to diabetic retinopathy. Numerous drugs have been …

The sphingolipids ceramide (Cer), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), sphingosine (Sph), and
ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) are key signaling molecules that regulate major cellular …