Despite growing interest in understanding how social factors drive poor health outcomes,
many academics, policy makers, scientists, elected officials, journalists, and others …

Applying a social determinants of health framework, this review brings attention to evidence
from social sciences and neuroscience on the role of selected social factors in individual …

This article examines the intersection of two structural developments: the growth of
surveillance and the rise of “big data.” Drawing on observations and interviews conducted …

After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of incarceration in the
United States more than quadrupled in the past four decades. The Committee on the …

The unprecedented growth of the penal system in the United States has motivated an
expansive volume of research on the collateral consequences of punishment. In this review …

We present new evidence on the evolution of black–white earnings differences among all
men, including both workers and nonworkers. We study two measures:(i) the level earnings …

Beginning in the 1970s, the United States began an experiment in mass imprisonment.
Supporters argued that harsh punishments such as imprisonment reduce crime by deterring …

Decades of racial progress have led some researchers and policymakers to doubt that
discrimination remains an important cause of economic inequality. To study contemporary …

Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and a wide range of other social
domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination. And yet, unlike in the …

Over the last thirty years, the prison population in the United States has increased more than
seven-fold to over two million people, including vastly disproportionate numbers of …