In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth.
Microorganisms support the existence of all higher trophic life forms. To understand how …

The micronutrient iron is now recognized to be important in regulating the magnitude and
dynamics of ocean primary productivity, making it an integral component of the ocean's …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Droughts and climate-change-driven warming are leading to more frequent and intense
wildfires,–, arguably contributing to the severe 2019–2020 Australian wildfires. The …

Microbial cells (ie, bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in oceans secrete a diverse array of
large molecules, collectively called extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) or simply …

Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …

The marine trace gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) supplies sulfur to the atmosphere at a rate of 15–
40 Tg S per year, contributing to the production of atmospheric sulfate aerosols that …

Scenarios to stabilize global climate and meet international climate agreements require
rapid reductions in human carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, often augmented by substantial …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

The “biological pump” is the process by which photosynthetically-produced organic matter in
the ocean descends from the surface layer to depth by a combination of sinking particles …