Abstract Background In 1994, a “Pan-European Programme for Intensive and Continuous
Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems” started to contribute to a better understanding of the …

Early studies of plant response to ozone (O3) utilized concentration-based metrics, primarily
by summarizing the commonly monitored hourly average data sets. Research with the O3 …

European scale harmonized monitoring of atmospheric composition was initiated in the
early 1970s, and the activity has generated a comprehensive dataset (available at …

The Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) is a process-based model that simulates
the fluxes of carbon, water, energy and momentum between the land surface and the …

The evolution of the Earth's climate over the twenty-first century depends on the rate at which
anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are removed from the atmosphere by the ocean …

Ozone is a major secondary air pollutant, the current concentrations of which have been
shown to have significant adverse effects on crop yields, forest growth and species …

The critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation have been reviewed and revised by the
LRTAP Convention. Eight new or revised critical levels based on the accumulated stomatal …

The biological response of individual organisms or groups of organisms to stress is crucial in
several scientific disciplines, and hormesis is the most appropriate concept for studying dose …

The nature of the dose-response relationship in the low dose zone and how this concept
may be used by regulatory agencies for science-based policy guidance and risk assessment …

Tropospheric ozone (O3) levels are predicted to stay high, being a factor within “global
change” with potential effects on the carbon sink strength of forest trees. Hence, new …