Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial
diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the …

TGF-β is extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In fibrotic lesions, spatially
restricted generation of bioactive TGF-β from latent stores requires the cooperation of …

Fibrosis denotes excessive scarring, which exceeds the normal wound healing response to
injury in many tissues. Although the extracellular matrix deposition appears unstructured …

Renal tubules are the major component of the kidney and are vulnerable to a variety of
injuries including hypoxia, proteinuria, toxins, metabolic disorders, and senescence. It has …

Tissues stiffen during aging and during the pathological progression of cancer, fibrosis, and
cardiovascular disease. Extracellular matrix stiffness is emerging as a prominent mechanical …

The microenvironment encompasses all components of a tumor other than the cancer cells
themselves. It is highly heterogenous, comprising a cellular component that includes …

The liver is an organ that is particularly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which
not only arise during metabolic functions but also during the biotransformation of …

Connective tissue growth factor, also known as CCN2, is a cysteine-rich matricellular protein
involved in the control of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation …

Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in
humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a central mediator of fibrogenesis. TGF-β is
upregulated and activated in fibrotic diseases and modulates fibroblast phenotype and …