Yearslong time series of high-precision brightness measurements have been assembled for
thousands of stars with telescopes operating in space. Such data have allowed astronomers …

Exoplanets with substantial hydrogen/helium atmospheres have been discovered in
abundance, many residing extremely close to their parent stars. The extreme irradiation …

The size of a planet is an observable property directly connected to the physics of its
formation and evolution. We used precise radius measurements from the California-Kepler …

The distribution of planet sizes encodes details of planet formation and evolution. We
present the most precise planet size distribution to date based on Gaia parallaxes, Kepler …

A new piece of evidence supporting the photoevaporation-driven evolution model for low-
mass, close-in exoplanets was recently presented by the California–Kepler Survey. The …

Various theoretical models treating the effect of stellar irradiation on planetary envelopes
predict the presence of a radius valley, ie a bimodal distribution of planet radii, with super …

Abstract In 2017, the California-Kepler Survey (CKS) published its first data release (DR1) of
high-resolution optical spectra of 1305 planet hosts. Refined CKS planet radii revealed that …

Recent observations identify a valley in the radius distribution of small exoplanets, with
planets in the range 1.5–2.0 R⊕ significantly less common than somewhat smaller or larger …

The population of planets smaller than approximately 1.7 Earth radii (R⊕) is widely
interpreted as consisting of rocky worlds, generally referred to as super-Earths. This picture …

Hot gas giant exoplanets can lose part of their atmosphere due to strong stellar irradiation,
and these losses can affect their physical and chemical evolution. Studies of atmospheric …