Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis
is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways …

Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue
macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is …

Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue
homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typically fatal malignancy exhibiting genetic
heterogeneity and limited therapy responses. We demonstrate here that HCCs consistently …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
and contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Although the role of the …

Traditionally cellular respiration or metabolism has been viewed as catabolic and anabolic
pathways generating energy and biosynthetic precursors required for growth and general …

The immune response in the brain has been widely investigated and while many studies
have focused on the proinflammatory cytotoxic response, the brain's innate immune system …

Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid is an important initiator of the immune response.
Arginine serves as a precursor in several metabolic pathways in different organs. In the …

Purpose Our objective was to comprehensively assess the nature and chronology of neural
remodeling in retinal degenerations triggered by light-induced retinal damage (LIRD) in …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that appear in every stage of cancer progression
are usually tumor-promoting cells and are present abundantly in the tumor-associated …