Introduction: Chemokine receptors are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of
many human diseases. This study will provide an overview of approved chemokine receptor …

Globally, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major health burden for
which successful therapeutic options are still being investigated. Challenges facing current …

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused the COVID-19 infection, was discovered two and a
half years ago. It caused a global pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths and substantial …

Viral infections have haunted humankind since times immemorial. Overpopulation,
globalization, and extensive deforestation have created an ideal environment for a viral …

The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells,
interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades …

During recent decades, a great variety of viral and host targets have been exploited for the
discovery of antiviral agents against human infectious diseases. 1 Although significant …

Chemokine receptors are key regulators of cell migration in terms of immunity and
inflammation. Among these, CCR5 and CXCR4 play pivotal roles in cancer metastasis and …

The interaction between malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment is critical for tumor
progression, and the chemokine ligand/receptor axes play a crucial role in this process. The …

Receptor–ligand interactions play essential signaling roles within intercellular contact
regions. This is particularly important within the context of the immune synapse where …

Background Under physiological conditions, CXCL12 modulates cell proliferation, survival,
angiogenesis, and migration mainly through CXCR4. Interestingly, the newly discovered …