Pyruvate is a keystone molecule critical for numerous aspects of eukaryotic and human
metabolism. Pyruvate is the end-product of glycolysis, is derived from additional sources in …

Hypometabolism, characterized by decreased brain glucose consumption, is a common
feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Initial hypometabolic brain state, created by …

N-Acetylaspartate (NAA) is employed as a non-invasive marker for neuronal health using
proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This utility is afforded by the fact that NAA …

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus may alter the effect of physical activity on physical and
cognitive function. Methods: The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) …

Errors in neuron-microglial interaction are known to lead to microglial phagocytosis of live
neurons and excessive neuronal loss, potentially yielding poorer clinical outcomes. Factors …

Astrocyte-mediated inflammation is associated with degenerative pathologies such as
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and multiple sclerosis. The acute inflammation and …

Melatonin's pleiotropic actions begin from controlling day/night cycle and
hypothalamic/pituitary axes to, for example, vasomotor effects, immunomodulation, antilipid …

Glutamate has been implicated in a wide range of brain pathologies and is thought to be
metabolized via the astrocyte-specific enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS). We show here …

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of diseases characterized by defective glucose metabolism,
is the most widespread metabolic disorder affecting over 400 million adults worldwide. This …

Astrocytic energetics of excitatory neurotransmission is controversial due to discrepant
findings in different experimental systems in vitro and in vivo. The energy requirements of …