To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and
persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research …

When choosing between delayed or uncertain outcomes, individuals discount the value of
such outcomes on the basis of the expected time to or the likelihood of their occurrence. In …

Growing consumer concern for health and environment issues has resulted in increased
attention towards the purchase and consumption of organic food. This has driven an …

Human subjects indicated their preference between a hypothetical 1,000rewardavailablewithvariousprobabilitiesord…
.Thefunctionrelatingtheamountofthecertain‐immediaterewardsubjectivelyequivalenttoth …

Researchers have found that, compared to European Americans, African Americans report
later initiation of drinking, lower rates of use, and lower levels of use across almost all age …

Ignorance and Uncertainty overviews a variety of approaches to the problem of
indeterminacies in human thought and behavior. This book examines, in depth, trends in the …

The present paper addresses the question of the form of the mathematical relation between
the time until a delayed reward and its present value. Data are presented from an …

The authors draw together and develop previous timing models for a broad range of
conditioning phenomena to reveal their common conceptual foundations: First, conditioning …

Little is known about the acute effects of drugs of abuse on impulsivity and self‐control. In
this study, impulsivity was assessed in humans using a computer task that measured delay …

▪ Abstract This review examines recent developments during the past 5 years in the field of
judgment and decision making, written in the form of a list of 16 research problems. Many of …