Quantitative genetics provides one of the most promising frameworks with which to unify the
fields of macroevolution and microevolution. The genetic variance–covariance matrix (G) is …

Methods: taxonomy, distributions and phylogenies were completely revised11–13.•
Taxonomy: morphologically defined species (morphospecies) were discriminated using …

Comparative studies tend to differ from optimality and functionality studies in how they treat
adaptation. While the comparative approach focuses on the origin and change of traits …

Short-term evolutionary potential depends on the additive genetic variance in the
population. The additive variance is often measured as heritability, the fraction of the total …

As species evolve along a phylogenetic tree, we expect closely related species to retain
some phenotypic similarities due to their shared evolutionary histories. The amount of …

Phylogenetic relationships and the timing of evolutionary events are essential for
understanding evolution on longer time scales. Cheilostome bryozoans are a group of …

Morphological stasis has long been regarded as one of the most challenging problems in
evolutionary biology. This study focused on the copepod species complex, Eurytemora …

The field of paleobiogeography is derived in direct lineage from its close intellectual cousin,
biogeography, a scientific discipline that had its birth in the adventurous and exploratory …

Rates of phenotypic evolution are central to many issues in paleontology, but traditional rate
metrics such as darwins or haldanes are seldom used because of their strong dependence …

The concept of evolvability—the capacity of a population to produce and maintain
evolutionarily relevant variation—has become increasingly prominent in evolutionary …