The immune system of people living with HIV (PLWH) is persistently exposed to antigens
leading to systemic inflammation despite combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). This …

The presence of the HIV-1 reservoir, a group of immune cells that contain intact, integrated,
and replication-competent proviruses, is a major challenge to cure HIV-1. HIV-1 reservoir …

Introduction In people with HIV (PWH) both off and on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the
expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins is elevated on the surface of total and HIV …

Background The persistence of intact replication-competent HIV-1 proviruses is responsible
for the virological rebound off treatment. The gut could be a major reservoir of HIV-1 due to …

Following success in cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade is emerging as
an exciting potential treatment for some infectious diseases, specifically two chronic viral …

The latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T cells persists despite antiretroviral therapy
as a barrier to cure. The antigendriven proliferation of infected cells is a major mechanism of …

Introduction HIV-1 persists in resting CD4+ T-cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Determining the cell surface markers that enrich for genetically-intact HIV-1 genomes is vital …

Persistent HIV-1 reservoirs of infected CD4 T cells are a major barrier to HIV-1 cure,
although the mechanisms by which they are established and maintained in vivo remain …

Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) can efficiently suppress Human Immunodeficiency
Virus-1 (HIV-1) replication to undetectable levels, but rare populations of infected memory …

HIV-1 infection is characterized by inflammation and a progressive decline in CD4+ T cell
count. Despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART), the majority of people living with …