Modes of climate variability affect global and regional climates on different spatio-temporal
scales, and they have important impacts on human activities and ecosystems. As these …

Abstract The North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) is under current climate conditions the leading
mode of atmospheric circulation variability over the North Atlantic region. While the pattern is …

Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major source of variability in winter
atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere, with large impacts on temperature …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a necessary task for assessing to which degree
the industrial period is unusual against the background of pre-industrial climate variability. It …

Reconstruction of the North Atlantic jet stream (NAJ) presents a critical, albeit largely
unconstrained, paleoclimatic target. Models suggest northward migration and changing …

Twenty ice cores drilled in medium to high accumulation areas of the Greenland ice sheet
have been used to extract seasonally resolved stable isotope records. Relationships …

This article addresses climatic fluctuations in the Czech Republic in the period 1961–2005.
On the basis of data collected at 23 climatological stations, the fluctuations in monthly …

Abstract A 2.5× 2.5° gridded summer (April–September) drought reconstruction over the
larger Mediterranean land area (32.5°/47.5° N, 10° W/50° E; 152 grid points) is described …

The year 1816 was characterized by unusual weather conditions, in particular, by a cold and
wet summer season ('year without a summer') on both the European and North American …

Environmental Change: Key Issues and Alternative Approaches describes and explains the
significance of past and contemporary environmental and climatic change. It outlines the …