Galaxy masses play a fundamental role in our understanding of structure formation models.
This review addresses the variety and reliability of mass estimators that pertain to stars, gas …

Although biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) have been discovered for hundreds of bacterial
metabolites, our knowledge of their diversity remains limited. Here, we used a novel …

Protein phosphatases are the essential opposite to protein kinases; together, these enzymes
regulate all protein phosphorylation and most cellular processes. To better understand the …

Lipopolysaccharides are complex molecules found in the cell envelop of many Gram‐
negative bacteria. The toxic activity of these molecules has led to the terminology of …

Microtubules are dynamic polymers of α-and β-tubulin and have crucial roles in cell
signalling, cell migration, intracellular transport and chromosome segregation. They …

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is an essential tool with many applications in
bioinformatics and computational biology. Accurate MSA construction for divergent proteins …

Bacterial secondary metabolites are widely used as antibiotics, anticancer drugs,
insecticides and food additives. Attempts to engineer their biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) …

Misfolding of ΔF508 cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)
underlies pathology in most CF patients. F508 resides in the first nucleotide-binding domain …

OBJECTIVES: A severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like disease due to a novel
betacoronavirus, human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC), has emerged recently. HCoV-EMC …

The Integrator is a specialized 3′ end-processing complex involved in cleavage and
transcription termination of a subset of nascent RNA polymerase II transcripts, including …