Information integration and consciousness are closely related, if not interdependent. But,
what exactly is the nature of their relation? Which forms of integration require …

Here we review studies on the complexity and strength of unconscious information
processing. We focus on empirical evidence that relates awareness of information to …

What predicts human mathematical competence? While detailed models of number
representation in the brain have been developed, it remains to be seen exactly how basic …

The modal view in the cognitive and neural sciences holds that consciousness is necessary
for abstract, symbolic, and rule-following computations. Hence, semantic processing of …

What are the limits of unconscious language processing? Can language circuits process
simple grammatical constructions unconsciously and integrate the meaning of several …

Integrative processing is traditionally believed to be dependent on consciousness. While
earlier studies within the last decade reported many types of integration under subliminal …

The scope and limits of unconscious processing are a matter of ongoing debate. Lately,
continuous flash suppression (CFS), a technique for suppressing visual stimuli, has been …

This research shows that people can unconsciously initiate and follow arithmetic rules (eg,
addition). Participants were asked to detect whether a symbol was a digit. This symbol was …

Subliminal manipulation is often considered harmless because its effects typically decay
within a second. So far, subliminal long-term effects on behavior were only observed in …

Can the sleeping brain develop predictions of future auditory stimuli? Past research
demonstrated disrupted prediction capabilities during sleep in the context of novel, arbitrary …