This review is directed at understanding how neuronal death occurs in two distinct insults,
global ischemia and focal ischemia. These are the two principal rodent models for human …

This article reviews findings up to the end of 1997 about the inducible transcription factors
(ITFs) c-Jun, JunB, JunD, c-Fos, FosB, Fra-1, Fra-2, Krox-20 (Egr-2) and Krox-24 (NGFI-A …

Cerebral ischemia (stroke) triggers a complex series of biochemical and molecular
mechanisms that impairs the neurologic functions through breakdown of cellular integrity …

Activation of the proto-oncogene c-fos in the brain was described initially almost a decade
ago and represents one of the most studied immediate early genes in the brain. Transient c …

It has been shown recently that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are elevated after
cerebral ischemia. In the current study, we investigated the pathophysiologic role for MMP-9 …

Reactive oxygen species and oxidative state are slowly gaining acceptance in having a
physiological relevance rather than just being the culprits in pathophysiological processes …

Though the ischemic penumbra has been classically described on the basis of blood flow
and physiologic parameters, a variety of ischemic penumbras can be described in molecular …

The temporal evolution of cerebral infarction was examined in rats subjected to transient
occlusion of both common carotid arteries and the right middle cerebral artery. After severe …

Objective: To determine whether TIAs have a neuroprotective effect. Background: Ischemic
tolerance or preconditioning, which protects the brain against stroke, has been …

Background and Purpose—A short duration of ischemia (ie, ischemic preconditioning [PC])
can provide significant brain protection to subsequent ischemic events (ie, ischemic …