Many advances in understanding the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD) have been
based on research addressing its motor symptoms and phenotypes. Various data-driven …

Introduction Sleep disturbances increase pain sensitivity in clinical and preclinical settings,
but the precise mechanisms are unknown. This represents a major public health issue …

The supraspinal descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) shapes pain perception via
monoaminergic modulation of sensory information in the spinal cord. However, the role and …

Background The efficiency of descending pain modulation, commonly assessed with the
conditioned pain modulation procedure, is diminished in patients with chronic pain. The …

The CNS houses naturally occurring pathways that project from the brain to modulate spinal
neuronal activity. The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (the A6 nucleus) originates such a …

Descending control of nociception (DCN; also known as conditioned pain modulation [CPM],
the behavioral correlate of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls) is the phenomenon whereby …

Top–down processing pathways modulate neuronal transmission at the level of the spinal
cord dorsal horn and thus govern, in part, the percept of pain. In health, these descending …

Understanding the descending pain modulatory system allows for a neuroscientific
explanation of naturally occurring pain relief. Evidence from basic science and clinical …

Objective. Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in debilitating movement impairments and
neuropathic pain. Electrical stimulation of spinal neurons holds considerable promise both …

Chronic pain is a pathological state defined as daily pain sensation over three consecutive
months. It affects up to 30% of the general population. Although significant research efforts …