In response to diverse stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells activate a common adaptive pathway,
termed the integrated stress response (ISR), to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle in eukaryotic cells for the storage
and regulated release of calcium and as the entrance to the secretory pathway. Protein …

Cell signaling in response to an array of diverse stress stimuli converges on the
phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). Phosphorylation of …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) responds to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in its
lumen (ER stress) by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways—cumulatively …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a well-orchestrated protein-folding machine composed of
protein chaperones, proteins that catalyze protein folding, and sensors that detect the …

The interferon (IFN) system is an extremely powerful antiviral response that is capable of
controlling most, if not all, virus infections in the absence of adaptive immunity. However …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site where proteins enter the secretory pathway.
Proteins are translocated into the ER lumen in an unfolded state and require protein …

Protein phosphorylation regulates virtually all biological processes. Although protein
kinases are popular drug targets, targeting protein phosphatases remains a challenge …

The IFN-induced double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one of the four
mammalian serine-threonine kinases (the three others being HRI, GCN2 and PERK) that …

A series of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) containing either 2′-O-methoxyethylribose
(MOE) or locked nucleic acid (LNA) modifications were designed to investigate whether LNA …