The story of rare earth elements (REEs): Occurrences, global distribution, genesis, geology, mineralogy and global production

N Dushyantha, N Batapola, I Ilankoon, S Rohitha… - Ore Geology …, 2020 - Elsevier
Rare earth elements (REEs) including fifteen lanthanides, yttrium and scandium are found in
more than 250 minerals, worldwide. REEs are used in various high-tech applications across …

Hydrothermal transport, deposition, and fractionation of the REE: Experimental data and thermodynamic calculations

A Migdisov, AE Williams-Jones, J Brugger… - Chemical …, 2016 - Elsevier
For many years, our understanding of the behavior of the REE in hydrothermal systems was
based on semi-empirical estimates involving extrapolation of thermodynamic data obtained …

Adsorption of rare earth elements in regolith-hosted clay deposits

AM Borst, MP Smith, AA Finch, G Estrade… - Nature …, 2020 - nature.com
Global resources of heavy Rare Earth Elements (REE) are dominantly sourced from
Chinese regolith-hosted ion-adsorption deposits in which the REE are inferred to be weakly …

The rare earth elements: demand, global resources, and challenges for resourcing future generations

KM Goodenough, F Wall, D Merriman - Natural Resources Research, 2018 - Springer
The rare earth elements (REE) have attracted much attention in recent years, being viewed
as critical metals because of China's domination of their supply chain. This is despite the fact …

Carbonate complexation enhances hydrothermal transport of rare earth elements in alkaline fluids

M Louvel, B Etschmann, Q Guan, D Testemale… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
Rare earth elements (REE), essential metals for the transition to a zero-emission economy,
are mostly extracted from REE-fluorcarbonate minerals in deposits associated with …

Recent process developments in beneficiation and metallurgy of rare earths: A review

S Cheng, W Li, Y Han, Y Sun, P Gao, X Zhang - Journal of rare earths, 2024 - Elsevier
Rare earth elements (REEs) are irreplaceable materials supporting low-carbon technology
and equipment, and their commercial demand and strategic position are becoming …

Nature of parent rocks, mineralization styles and ore genesis of regolith-hosted REE deposits in South China: An integrated genetic model

YHM Li, WW Zhao, MF Zhou - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2017 - Elsevier
Regolith-hosted rare earth element (REE) deposits, also called ion-adsorption or weathered
crust elution-deposited REE deposits are distributed over Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian …

[HTML][HTML] A global review on agpaitic rocks

MAW Marks, G Markl - Earth-Science Reviews, 2017 - Elsevier
Peralkaline igneous rocks are defined by a molar (Na+ K)/Al ratio> 1 and are subdivided into
miaskitic and agpaitic varieties depending on their mineralogy. In the more common …

Alkaline-silicate REE-HFSE systems

CD Beard, KM Goodenough, AM Borst… - Economic …, 2023 - pubs.geoscienceworld.org
Abstract Development of renewable energy infrastructure requires critical raw materials,
such as the rare earth elements (REEs, including scandium) and niobium, and is driving …

Refertilized continental root controls the formation of the Mianning–Dechang carbonatite-associated rare-earth-element ore system

ZQ Hou, B Xu, H Zhang, YC Zheng, R Wang… - … Earth & Environment, 2023 - nature.com
Rare earth element ore deposits associated with carbonatite derived from Earth's mantle
supply half of the world's rare earth element. However, the formation of carbonatite and …