Addiction, the most severe form of substance use disorder, is a chronic brain disorder
molded by strong biosocial factors that has devastating consequences to individuals and to …

Imidazole and benzimidazole rings are the most important nitrogen-containing heterocycles,
which are widely explored and utilized by the pharmaceutical industry for drug discovery …

Background Withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug‐free treatment or as the endpoint
of long‐term substitution treatment. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of interventions …

Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a rare, and therefore, poorly
understood condition linked to hallucinogenic drugs consumption. The prevalence of this …

Psychiatrists have gradually developed a list of medications that are effective in the
treatment of addictive disorders. Although alcoholism has received the most attention …

The development of effective treatments for opioid dependence is of great importance given
the devastating consequences of the disease. Pharmacotherapies for opioid addiction …

Withdrawal from opiates, such as heroin or oral narcotics, is characterized by a host of
aversive physical and emotional symptoms. High rates of relapse and limited treatment …

Background: Naltrexone is a nonaddictive medication that blocks the euphoric effects of
opioids. However, naltrexone treatment is associated with high rates of noncompliance and …

Background Managed withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug‐free treatment or as the
endpoint of long‐term substitution treatment. Objectives To assess the effects of opioid …

Both pharmacotherapy and behavioural treatment are required to relieve the symptoms of
addictive disorders. This paper reviews the evidence for the benefits of pharmacotherapy …