This paper reviews cryogenic temperature sensors and gives an overview of cryogenic
thermometry over the range 20 mK to 100 K. It begins with a brief overview of primary …

Cernox™ resistance thermometers were commercially introduced in 1993. The Cernox™
temperature‐sensing element is fabricated from zirconium reactively sputtered in a nitrogen …

In aerospace engineering and clean energy, many components operate under cryogenic
conditions. Accurate surface temperature and deformation measurements are essential for …

Design, development, and qualification tests of prototype two-channel cryogenic temperature
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Cryogenic temperature controllers are essential devices for all experiments that require
precise temperature measurements and temperature stabilization of samples. This job often …

Self-heating of a resistive temperature detector (RTD) is a common problem in cryogenic
thermometry, especially at millikelvin temperatures. Power dissipation in the sensor causes …

Lsym is a Penning trap which is currently being developed at the MPIK Heidelberg. Its goal
is to test for possible CPT violations in the lepton sector by determining the difference in …

The model for measuring thermal resistance according to self-characteristic between the
Cernox thin-film sensors and the test sample is established by the precise cryogenic …

Standards grade platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs) obtain their high stability in part
due to the strain-free mounting of the sensing wire. The space required for this strain-free …

The choice of the appropriate installation method plays an important role for accurate
temperature measurement. In the cryogenic and high vacuum environment, due to poor …