Neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health problem worldwide with a wide
spectrum of symptoms and physiological effects. It has been long reported that the …

The locus coeruleus is connected to the dorsal hippocampus via strong fiber projections. It
becomes activated after arousal and novelty, whereupon noradrenaline is released in the …

Emotional arousal enhances perception and memory of high-priority information but impairs
processing of other information. Here, we propose that, under arousal, local glutamate levels …

Norepinephrine (NE) is synthesized in the Locus Coeruleus (LC) of the brainstem, from
where it is released by axonal varicosities throughout the brain via volume transmission. A …

The molecular pathways underlying the induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic
plasticity have been extensively investigated revealing various mechanisms by which …

Catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) in the dorsal pontine tegmentum
innervate the entire neuroaxis, with signaling actions implicated in the regulation of …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes immune dysfunction, increasing the risk of infectious
morbidity and mortality. Since bone marrow hematopoiesis is essential for proper immune …

Obstructive apnea during sleep elevates the set point for efferent sympathetic outflow during
wakefulness. Such resetting is attributed to hypoxia-induced upregulation of peripheral …

How do monoamines influence the perceptual and behavioral aspects of brain function? A
library of information regarding the genetic, molecular, cellular, and function of monoamines …

Infections impair neurological outcome and increase mortality after spinal cord injury (SCI).
Emerging data show that pathogens more easily infect individuals with SCI because SCI …