Swimming performance is a key feature that mediates fitness and survival in aquatic
animals. Dispersal, habitat selection, predator–prey interactions and reproduction are …

Multilevel modeling (MLM) is becoming increasingly accessible and popular in the analysis
of event-related potentials (ERPs). In this article, we review the benefits of MLM for analyzing …

Background University students are increasingly recognized as a vulnerable population,
suffering from higher levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and disordered eating …

Over the years, many studies have demonstrated a relation between emotion dynamics and
psychological well-being. Because our emotional life is inherently time-dynamic,,,–, affective …

Intra‐class correlations (ICC) and repeatabilities (R) are fundamental statistics for
quantifying the reproducibility of measurements and for understanding the structure of …

The coefficient of determination R 2 quantifies the proportion of variance explained by a
statistical model and is an important summary statistic of biological interest. However …

Ecologists and evolutionary biologists rely on an increasingly sophisticated set of statistical
tools to describe complex natural systems. One such tool that has gained significant traction …

Researchers often mention the utility and need for R-squared measures of explained
variance for multilevel models (MLMs). Although this topic has been addressed by …

Phenotypic traits and their associated trade-offs have been shown to have globally
consistent effects on individual plant physiological functions,,, but how these effects scale up …

A great part of software development involves conceptualizing or communicating the
underlying procedures and logic that needs to be expressed in programs. One major …