How do state and protester violence affect whether protests grow or shrink? Previous
research finds conflicting results for how violence affects protest dynamics. This article …

Whether international crises end in conflict frequently depends on the information that
leaders possess. To better explain how leaders acquire information, I develop and test an …

This book tells the story of insurgency in Ukraine's Donbas region from the perspective of the
rebels, who sought and continue to seek either independence from Ukraine or unification …

Defense policy makers have become increasingly concerned about conflict in the “gray
zone” between peace and war. Such conflicts are often interpreted as cases of deterrence …

Does collective identity drive protest participation? A long line of research argues that
collective identity can explain why protesters do not free ride and how specific movement …

In this chapter, we provide a fair assessment of these advantages and limitations in the use
of social media as data generators for research in the social sciences, with a particular …

Recent research emphasizes social media's potential for citizens to express shared
grievances. In active conflict, however, social media posts indicating political loyalties can …

Social media has become an excellent way to discover people's thoughts about various
topics and situations. In recent years, many studies have focused on social media during …

Purpose Social media has played a pivotal role in polarizing views on Russia–Ukraine
conflict. The effects of polarization in online interactions have been extensively studied in …

What explains the variation in violence in the internationalized civil conflict? This study
identifies such conflict as an adaptation of insurgency warfare by the state. The analysis of …