Background The prevalence of doping in competitive sport, and the methods for assessing
prevalence, remain poorly understood. This reduces the ability of researchers, governments …

There has been, and continues to be, widespread international concern about athletes' use
of banned performance enhancing drugs (PED s). This concern culminated in the formation …

In this study, we assessed the longitudinal effects of social-cognitive mechanisms on the self-
reported use of doping substances and supplements among Italian high school students. In …

Background Performance enhancement (PE) is a natural and essential ingredient of
competitive sport. Except for nutritional supplement contamination, accidental use of doping …

Stress in College Athletics: Causes, Consequences, Coping addresses the causes and
consequences of stress in college sports and offers effective coping mechanisms that will …

OBJECTIVES: Doping use is seldom an accident–it is a deliberate action often requiring
considerable commitment. Attitudes are known to influence this type of action and hence …

Objective: The authors compared the prevalence and pattern of substance use in
undergraduate student athletes and nonathletes from 2005-2006. Participants: Authors …

Context: Cannabis use has increased, in large part due to decriminalization. Despite this
increase in usage, it remains unclear what proportion of athletes use cannabis and what …

Objective: Cannabis (marijuana) is undergoing extensive regulatory review in many global
jurisdictions for medical and nonmedical access. Cannabis has potential impact on the …

This study assessed the prevalence, trends, and student-and college-level characteristics
associated with the non-medical use of anabolic steroids (NMAS) among US college …