Background: The opioid epidemic in the United States has resulted in an increased number
of drug-exposed infants who are at risk for developing neonatal abstinence syndrome …

Opioid use during pregnancy impacts the health and well‐being of two generations: the
pregnant person and the child. The factors that increase risk for opioid use in the adult, as …

Importance Pharmacologic agents are often used to treat newborns with prenatal opioid
exposure (POE) despite known adverse effects on neurodevelopment. Alternative …

Importance Observer-rated scales, such as the Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool
(FNAST), are used to quantify the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and …

Background: As opioid abuse increases in the United States, the rate of neonatal abstinence
syndrome (NAS) rises dramatically. Caring for infants with NAS and their families is a …

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a constellation of signs of withdrawal occurring
after birth following in utero exposure to licit or illicit opioids. Despite significant research and …

Importance The assessment of opioid withdrawal in the neonate, or neonatal opioid
withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), is problematic because current assessment methods are …

Rationale Opioid use during pregnancy can lead to negative infant health outcomes,
including neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). NOWS comprises gastrointestinal …

Increased opioid use has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of infants born with
in utero opioid exposure requiring management for NOWS [1–4]. Despite the significance of …

Study of emerging sleep–wake patterns in neonates is important for promptly identifying and
treating abnormal sleep behaviours to ensure healthy infant development and …