Appropriations lie at the core of the administrative state and are becoming increasingly
important as deep partisan divides have stymied substantive legislation. Both Congress and …

EXECUTIVE FEDERALISM COMES TO AMERICA Jessica Bulman-Pozen* 1. Healthcare.......................................................
Page 1 EXECUTIVE FEDERALISM COMES TO AMERICA Jessica Bulman-Pozen …

Political polarization is all the rage. Both popular and scholarly voices regularly bemoan the
depths of partisanship and division to which our national politics have sunk. Assessments of …

Throughout American history, presidents have shown a startling power to act independently
of Congress and the courts. On their own initiative, presidents have taken the country to war …

The formal institutional constraints that Congress and the courts impose on presidential
unilateral action are feeble. As a result, recent scholarship suggests that public opinion may …

Scholarship on democratic responsiveness focuses on whether political outcomes reflect
public opinion but overlooks attitudes toward how power is used to achieve those policies …

Prior scholarship overlooks the capacity of other actors to raise the political costs of
unilateral action by turning public opinion against the president. Through a series of five …

Presidential directives are often assumed to be checked only by external actors, like
Congress and the courts. But the internal constraints facing presidents can also be …

Presidents have substantial unilateral policymaking powers in the United States despite
constitutional provisions for checks and balances. I study how electoral concerns encourage …

The ability of presidents to unilaterally shape administrative policymaking challenges a
foundation of congressional power: Rarely can Congress statutorily veto administrative …