Over the past decade, we have observed a massive increase in the amount of information
describing protein sequences from a variety of organisms. 1, 2 While this may reflect the …

Mammalian cells express a variety of innate immune proteins—known as restriction factors—
which defend against invading retroviruses such as HIV-1. Two members of the tripartite …

Upon infection of susceptible cells by HIV-1, the conical capsid formed by∼ 250 hexamers
and 12 pentamers of the CA protein is delivered to the cytoplasm. The capsid shields the …

Vertebrate immune systems suppress viral infection using both innate restriction factors and
adaptive immunity. Viruses mutate to escape these defenses, driving hosts to counterevolve …

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins constitute one of the largest subfamilies of Really Interesting
New Gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligases and contribute to the regulation of numerous cellular …

Defects in plasma membrane repair can lead to muscle and heart diseases in humans.
Tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM) 72 (mitsugumin 53; MG53) has been determined to …

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins make up a large family of coiled-coil-containing RING E3
ligases that function in many cellular processes, particularly innate antiviral response …

The tripartite-motif protein, TRIM5α, is an innate immune sensor that potently restricts
retrovirus infection by binding to human immunodeficiency virus capsids. Higher-ordered …

Most human γδ T cells express Vγ2Vδ2 TCRs and play important roles in microbial and
tumor immunity. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells are stimulated by self-and foreign prenyl pyrophosphate …

The three butyrophilin BTN3A molecules, BTN3A1, BTN3A2, and BTN3A3, are members of
the B7/butyrophilin-like group of Ig superfamily receptors, which modulate the function of T …