Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is characterized by abnormal collagen deposition. It is a
precancerous disorder and transforms into a malignant tumor in 1.5–15% of all cases …

T helper-17 (Th17) cells, which mainly produce IL-17, are associated with development of
various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases …

IL-17 (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by a sub-set of T helper cells termed
Th17 cells primarily in response to cytokines like TGF-β and IL-23 and play an important role …

Tissue fibrosis is a key factor leading to disability and death worldwide; however, thus far,
there are no approved treatments for fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a major …

Silicosis is a global occupational disease characterized by lung dysfunction, pulmonary
inflammation, and fibrosis, for which there is a lack of effective drugs. Pirfenidone has been …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an intractable autoimmune disease with unmet medical needs.
Conventional immunosuppressive therapies have modest efficacy and obvious side effects …

The neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) are a meshwork of chromatin, histonic and non-
histonic proteins, and microbicidal agents spread outside the cell by a series of nuclear and …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review aims to collate current evidence on the screening,
diagnosis, and treatment of various connective tissue disease (CTD)–associated interstitial …

Objective. The mechanism of Panax notoginseng in treating myocardial fibrosis (MF) was
investigated using network pharmacology. Methods. Effective ingredients and potential …

Background. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a life-threatening complication of systemic
sclerosis (SSc). Autoantibodies (Abs) against endothelial cell antigens have been implicated …