Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of late, nonrelapse mortality
and disability in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients and a major …

Acute lung injury (ALI) represents the most severe form of the viral infection sustained by
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Today, it is a pandemic infection, and even if several …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal chronic interstitial lung disease with no
established treatment and is characterized by progressive scarring of the lung tissue and an …

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which bronchial wall remodelling
plays a significant role. This phenomenon is related to enhanced proliferation of airway …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) regulates a wide variety of cellular processes
including cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, and extracellular matrix …

Abstract Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a cytokine that has been strongly implicated in the
pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases and solid malignancies. Elevated IL-11 expression is also …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory
diseases, but its role in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury and subsequent fibrotic …

Silica is utilized extensively in industrial and commercial applications as a chemical raw
material, increasing its exposure and hazardous potential to populations, with silicosis …

Venous ulcers are related to dysfunctions in extracellular matrix. Both matrix
metalloproteinases (MMP) and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) could …

Asthma is a common and heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway
inflammation. Currently, the two main types of asthma medicines are inhaled corticosteroids …