Plants encounter several biotic and abiotic stresses, usually in combination. This results in
major economic losses in agriculture and forestry every year. Climate change aggravates …

Purpose of review Forests are frequently exposed to natural disturbances, which are likely to
increase with global change, and may jeopardize the delivery of ecosystem services. Mixed …

Climate change induces multiple abiotic and biotic risks to forests and forestry. Risks in
different spatial and temporal scales must be considered to ensure preconditions for …

Humans rely on healthy forests to supply energy, building materials, and food and to provide
services such as storing carbon, hosting biodiversity, and regulating climate. Defining forest …

International trade and movement of people are largely responsible for increasing numbers
of non-native insect introductions to new environments. For forest insects, trade in live plants …

Botryosphaeria dothidea is the type species of Botryosphaeria (Botryosphaeriaceae,
Botryosphaeriales). Fungi residing in this order are amongst the most widespread and …

Forests in virtually all regions of the world are being affected by invasions of non-native
insects. We conducted an in-depth review of the traits of successful invasive forest insects …

Forests and trees throughout the world are increasingly affected by factors related to global
change. Expanding international trade has facilitated invasions of numerous insects and …

Forests play critical roles in global ecosystem processes and provide numerous services to
society. But forests are increasingly affected by a variety of human influences, especially …

We reviewed recent literature to identify the positive and negative effects of thinning on both
stand-and tree-level resistance and resilience to four stressors that are expected to increase …