Background The brain was once thought of as an insulin-insensitive organ. We now know
that the insulin receptor is present throughout the brain and serves important functions in …

Following the cloning of the melanocortin receptor and agouti protein genes, a model was
developed for the central melanocortin system with respect to the regulation of energy and …

Mitochondria are key organelles in the maintenance of cellular energy metabolism and
integrity. Here, we show that mitochondria number decrease but their size increase in …

Calorie-rich diets induce hyperphagia and promote obesity, although the underlying
mechanisms remain poorly defined. We find that short-term high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding of …

Obesity is characterized by hyperleptinemia and decreased response to exogenous leptin.
This has been widely attributed to the development of leptin resistance, a state of impaired …

Abstract Objective Hypothalamic Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-
Related Peptide (NPY/AgRP) neurons are critical nodes of a circuit within the brain that …

Central proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons form a potent anorexigenic network, but our
understanding of the integration of this hypothalamic circuit throughout the central nervous …

The hypothalamus is a brain region that integrates signals from the periphery and the
environment to maintain organismal homeostasis. To do so, specialized hypothalamic …

Objective Obesity is one of the primary healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Signals
relaying information regarding energy needs are integrated within the brain to influence …

The central 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT; serotonin) system represents a fundamental
component of the brain's control of energy homeostasis. Medications targeting the 5‐HT …