A common belief is that evolution generally proceeds towards greater complexity at both the
organismal and the genomic level, numerous examples of reductive evolution of parasites …

Carotenoids and flavonoids including anthocyanins are the predominant pigments in
flowering plants, where they play important roles in pollination, seed dispersal, protection …

Phylogenetic comparative methods comprise the general endeavor of using an estimated
phylogenetic tree (or set of trees) to make secondary inferences: about trait evolution …

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a major human foodborne pathogen. Numerous Lm
outbreaks have been reported worldwide and associated with a high case fatality rate …

For over 300 million years, insects have relied on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and
defence. However, it is unclear whether specific ecological conditions have repeatedly …

phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things) Page 1
APPLICATION phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things) …

Same-sex sexual behaviour has attracted the attention of many scientists working in
disparate areas, from sociology and psychology to behavioural and evolutionary biology …

Amphibians have undergone important evolutionary transitions in reproductive modes and
life-cycles. We compare large-scale macroevolutionary patterns in these transitions across …

The seventh cholera pandemic has heavily affected Africa, although the origin and
continental spread of the disease remain undefined. We used genomic data from 1070 …

The ancestors of cyanobacteria generated Earth's first biogenic molecular oxygen, but how
they dealt with oxidative stress remains unconstrained. Here we investigate when …