Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T
cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the …

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor
immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (eg, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they
are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, although vital for immune homeostasis, also represent a major
barrier to anti-cancer immunity, as the tumour microenvironment (TME) promotes the …

Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the
treatment of advanced cancers. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) functions as a …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in
the Western world with limited therapeutic options and dismal long-term survival. The …

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide.
Despite developments in therapeutic approaches for the past few decades, the 5-year …

Angiogenesis, the sprouting of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is one of six known
mechanisms employed by solid tumors to recruit blood vessels necessary for their initiation …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized medical oncology, although currently only
a subset of patients has a response to such treatment. A compelling body of evidence …

Multiple nanotherapeutics have been approved for patients with cancer, but their effects on
survival have been modest and, in some examples, less than those of other approved …